Development and Performance Evaluation Research on Blocking Devices to Prevent Heat Damage to Stone Pagodas

doi:10.69756/jnh.2024.9.2.101

All Issue

2024 Vol.9, Issue 2 Next Page

Article

Development and Performance Evaluation Research on Blocking Devices to Prevent Heat Damage to Stone Pagodas 석탑의 열피해 방지를 위한 차단장치 개발 및 성능평가 연구: 김동현^1†ㆍ김세현²
Kim, Donghyun^1†ㆍKim, Sehyun²; ¹전주대학교 소방안전공학과 교수, 국제응용시스템분석연구원 수석연구원
²국립문화유산연구원

¹Professor, Department of Fire and Safety Engineering, Jeonju University, Research Scholar, International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis
²Researcher, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage

31 August 2024. pp. 101-109

PDF

Abstract

The stone pagoda is known to sustain damage through six primary processes: thermal expansion due to external heat, thermal shock, chemical structural changes in the minerals of the stone, mineralogical transformations, surface degradation, and the development of cracks resulting from the heterogeneity of the minerals. In this study, a flame retardant screen device was developed to prevent heat damage to the stone pagoda cultural property from an external fire, and the heat-blocking effect of the device was verified through experiments and numerical analysis. As a result, the heat blocking effect of the flame retardant screen through fire experiments showed that it can protect the stone pagoda by blocking heat at the atmospheric temperature level compared to the stone pagoda environment where the screen is exposed to a temperature of 373.6K when not blocked. In addition, the numerical analysis results showed that the heat-blocking effect of the flame retardant cloth itself used in this experiment was effective at 573.75K. In the future, to mitigate the risk of heat damage to stone pagodas caused by fire, it will be essential to first conduct a fire damage risk assessment based on the specific location of each pagoda. Following this assessment, the implementation of flame retardant screen barriers for pagodas identified as having a high risk of heat damage will be necessary.

Keywords

Stone pagoda

Fire

Heat damage

Heat shock

Clack

석탑은 외부 열로 인해 열팽창, 열충격, 석탑 광물의 화학적 구조변화, 광물의 변화, 표면손상, 광물의 불균일성으로 인한 균열 등 주요 6가지 과정으로 피해를 입는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 외부 화재로부터 석탑문화재의 열피해를 방지하기 위해 방염천 스크린 장치를 개발하였고 장치의 열차단 효과를 실험과 수치해석을 통해 검증하였다. 그 결과, 화재실험을 통한 방염 스크린으로 열을 차단하지 않은 경우에는 석탑이 화원으로부터 373.6K의 온도에 노출되었고 방염 스크린을 적용한 경우에는 대기 온도수준으로 열을 차단하였다. 또한 수치해석 결과에서는 본 실험에 사용된 방염천 자체의 열차단 효과가 573.75K로 열차단 효과가 유효한 것으로 분석되었다. 향후, 화재로부터 석탑의 열 피해를 방지하기 위해서는 석탑 위치에 따른 화재피해 위험성 평가와 열피해 위험성이 높은 석탑에서는 방염천 스크린 차단장치 도입이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

키워드

석탑

화재

열피해

열충격

균열

References

Cho, M., Kwon, J. (2019). Thermal effects on stone structures in heritage sites. Materials and Structures, Vol.52, No.1, pp.123-135.
Collins, B.D., Stock, G.M. (2016), Rockfall triggering by cyclic thermal stressing of exfoliation fractures. Nature Geoscience, Vol.9, pp.395-400.
10.1038/ngeo2686
Koo, W.H., Shin, H.J., Baek, M.H. (2012). "A Study on the attitude survey of safety manager in historic timber architecture." Korean Institute of Fire Sci. and Eng. Conference.
Koo, W.H., Shin, H.J., Baek, M.H. (2012). A Study on the attitude survey for standardization of safety management in historic timber architecture. Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation Conference.
Kim, D.H. (2009). Semi-numerical study on the flame tilt equation due to wind on the surface fire in forest fire. Journal of Fire Science and Engineering, Vol.23, No.5, pp.90-95.
Kim, D.H., Jo, S.S., Kim, S.H., Lee, S.G. (2020). A study on fire vulnerability analysis of wooden cultural property using fire simulation - For Bulguksa Temple -. Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention, Vol.5, No.3, pp.233-242.
Kim, J., Lee, S. (2020). Fire protection strategies for cultural heritage. Journal of Cultural Heritage Protection, Vol.15, No.3, pp.235-248.
Kim, S., Kim, H. (2022). Performance evaluation of fire protection materials for heritage sites. Journal of Fire Sciences, Vol. 40, No.1, pp.45-60.
Lee, K., Han, D. (2017). The vulnerability of stone monuments to fire. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, Vol.11, No.2, pp.189-203.
Lee, J.H., Kim, D.H., Chun, W.Y., Jo, S.S., Kim, S.H. (2019). A Study on the countermeasures through the classification and analysis of the causes of fire cases of cultural property. Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention, Vol.4, No.2, pp.181-189.
Park, H., Choi, Y. (2018). Urbanization and its impact on fire risks to historical structures. Fire Safety Journal, Vol.91, pp.523-534.
Shin H.J., Koo, W.H., Baek, M.H. (2012). A study on the field survey of safety management in historic timber architecture. Korean Institute of Fire Sci. & Eng. Conference.
Smith, J., Brown, L. (2021). Innovative fire barriers for protecting historical buildings. fire science reviews, Vol.10, No.4, pp.301-316.

Information

Publisher :National Heritage Disaster Prevention Society
Publisher(Ko) :국가유산방재학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention
Journal Title(Ko) :저널국가유산
Volume : 9
No :2
Pages :101-109
DOI :https://doi.org/10.69756/jnh.2024.9.2.101

[1] Cho, M., Kwon, J. (2019). Thermal effects on stone structures in heritage sites. Materials and Structures, Vol.52, No.1, pp.123-135.

[2] Collins, B.D., Stock, G.M. (2016), Rockfall triggering by cyclic thermal stressing of exfoliation fractures. Nature Geoscience, Vol.9, pp.395-400.
10.1038/ngeo2686

[3] Koo, W.H., Shin, H.J., Baek, M.H. (2012). "A Study on the attitude survey of safety manager in historic timber architecture." Korean Institute of Fire Sci. and Eng. Conference.

[4] Koo, W.H., Shin, H.J., Baek, M.H. (2012). A Study on the attitude survey for standardization of safety management in historic timber architecture. Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation Conference.

[5] Kim, D.H. (2009). Semi-numerical study on the flame tilt equation due to wind on the surface fire in forest fire. Journal of Fire Science and Engineering, Vol.23, No.5, pp.90-95.

[6] Kim, D.H., Jo, S.S., Kim, S.H., Lee, S.G. (2020). A study on fire vulnerability analysis of wooden cultural property using fire simulation - For Bulguksa Temple -. Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention, Vol.5, No.3, pp.233-242.

[7] Kim, J., Lee, S. (2020). Fire protection strategies for cultural heritage. Journal of Cultural Heritage Protection, Vol.15, No.3, pp.235-248.

[8] Kim, S., Kim, H. (2022). Performance evaluation of fire protection materials for heritage sites. Journal of Fire Sciences, Vol. 40, No.1, pp.45-60.

[9] Lee, K., Han, D. (2017). The vulnerability of stone monuments to fire. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, Vol.11, No.2, pp.189-203.

[10] Lee, J.H., Kim, D.H., Chun, W.Y., Jo, S.S., Kim, S.H. (2019). A Study on the countermeasures through the classification and analysis of the causes of fire cases of cultural property. Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention, Vol.4, No.2, pp.181-189.

[11] Park, H., Choi, Y. (2018). Urbanization and its impact on fire risks to historical structures. Fire Safety Journal, Vol.91, pp.523-534.

[12] Shin H.J., Koo, W.H., Baek, M.H. (2012). A study on the field survey of safety management in historic timber architecture. Korean Institute of Fire Sci. & Eng. Conference.

[13] Smith, J., Brown, L. (2021). Innovative fire barriers for protecting historical buildings. fire science reviews, Vol.10, No.4, pp.301-316.

Journal National Heritage ISSN:3022-9200(Print) 3022-9383(Online) 저널 국가유산

All Issue