Development and Performance Evaluation of a Fire-retardant Fabric Installation Device to Protect Wooden Cultural Heritage from Forest Fires

doi:10.69756/jnh.2025.10.3.125

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2025 Vol.10, Issue 3 Next Page

Article

Development and Performance Evaluation of a Fire-retardant Fabric Installation Device to Protect Wooden Cultural Heritage from Forest Fires 산불로부터 목조문화유산 보호를 위한 방염포 설치 장치 개발 및 성능평가 연구: 김동현*
Kim, Donghyun*; * 정회원, 전주대학교 소방안전공학과 교수, 국제응용시스템분석연구원 수석연구원

* Member, Professor, Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Jeonju University., Research Scholar, International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis

31 December 2025. pp. 125-134

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Abstract

This study aims to develop and verify the performance and efficiency of a rapidly deployable flame retardant fabric installation device designed to effectively protect wooden cultural heritage from the increasing risks posed by large-scale forest fires. We developed a curtain-type flame retardant fabric installation device utilizing a telescopic support system. While the existing method required a workforce of over 10 people and achieved a wood structure shielding ratio of only about 67%, the developed improved method achieves a shielding ratio of approximately 99% with a minimal number of workers, thus contributing to the preservation of the original structure. Field installation tests demonstrated superior speed and efficiency compared to the conventional method, with the installation on a gable-roofed wooden building (15m(L)× 10m(W)×3m(H)) taking approximately 6.5 minutes with four workers. Furthermore, a work time prediction formula was proposed based on the experimental results, confirming that the required time can be predicted with a high accuracy of 96% for three workers or fewer. The telescopic flame retardant fabric installation device presented in this study offers a practical and effective solution to prevent fire spread damage and ensure the safety of wooden cultural heritage during emergencies like major forest fires.

Keywords

Forest fires

Protection of wooden cultural heritage

Shield of radiation

Flame retardant clothes

Prediction of time required

본 연구는 증가하는 대형 산불 위험으로부터 목조문화유산을 효과적으로 보호하기 위해 신속 배치형 방염포 설치 장치를 개발하고 그 성능 및 효율성을 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 전통적인 방염포 설치 방식은 10명 이상의 대규모 인력이 필요하고, 오랜 시간이 소요되며, 화염과 복사열에 취약한 처마 하부 공간을 차폐하지 못하고 구조부 훼손 위험이 있다는 한계를 내포한다. 본 연구에서는 텔레스코픽 방식의 지지대를 이용한 커튼형 방염포 설치 장치를 개발하였다. 기존 방식은 10명 이상의 작업인원이 필요하고 목조 구조부 차폐율이 약 67%에 불과했던 반면, 개발된 개선 방식은 최소 인원으로도 약 99%의 차폐율을 달성하며 원형 보존에 기여한다. 실제 시험 설치 결과, 가로 15m, 세로 10m, 높이 3m인 맞배지붕 목조건축물에 대해 4명 작업 시 약 6.5분이 소요되어 기존 방식 대비 월등한 신속성 및 효율성을 입증하였다. 또한, 실험 결과를 바탕으로 작업 소요시간 예측 수식을 제안하였고 3인 이하 작업 시 96%의 높은 정확도로 소요시간 예측이 가능함을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 텔레스코픽 방염포 설치 장치는 대형 산불 등 긴급 상황에서 목조문화유산의 화재 확산 피해를 방지하고 안전 확보에 기여할 수 있는 실질적이고 효과적인 대안이 될 것이다.

키워드

산불

목조문화유산 보호

복사열 차폐

방염포 설치

소요시간 예측

References

Alexander, I. Filkov, et al. (2023). “A review of thermal exposure and fire spread mechanisms in large outdoor fires and the built environment Fire Safety Journal.” Vol.140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103871.
10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103871
Butler, B., et al. (2015). “Observations of energy transport and rate of spreads from low-intensity fires in longleaf pine habitat - RxCADRE 2012.” Int. J. Wildland Fire, 25, pp.76-89.
10.1071/WF14154
Frankman, D., et al. (2012). “The effect of sampling rate on interpretation of the temporal characteristics of radiative and convective heating in wildland flames.” Int. J. Wildland Fire, 22, pp.168-173.
10.1071/WF12034
Pimont, F., et al. (2020). “Radiant heat flux modelling for wildfires.” The 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (IMACS), Vol.175, pp.62-80.
10.1016/j.matcom.2019.07.008
Hilton, J. E., et al. “Dynamic modelling of radiant heat from wildfires.” MSSANZ (MODSIM 2017), pp.1104-1110.
Hossain, M. D., et al. (2025). “Bushfire Resilient Building Cladding Assessment—A Review Based on the Australian Context.” Springer Open access, Fire Technology. pp.22.
10.1007/s10694-025-01776-0
Kim, D.H. (2024). “Development and performance evaluation research on blocking devices to prevent heat damage to stone pagodas.” Journal National Heritage, Vol.9, No.2, pp.101-109.
10.69756/jnh.2024.9.2.101
Kim, D. H. (2023). “A study on comparative analysis of fire weather risk index models for wooden cultural heritage.” Journal National Heritage, Vol.8, No.3, pp.231-242.
10.69756/jnh.2023.8.3.231
Kim, D. H. (2023). “Fire simulation analysis on the effect of delaying fire spread of flame flame-resistance treatment for wooden building.” Journal National Heritage, Vol.8, No.3, pp.211-218.
10.69756/jnh.2023.8.3.211
Kim, D. H., et al. (2020). “A study on fire vulnerability analysis of wooden cultural property using fire simulation - for Bulguksa temple -.” Journal National Heritage, Vol.5, No. 3, pp.233-242.
Kim, D. H. (2013). “A study on guideline of water supply system for forest fire.” Journal of Fire Science and Engineering, Vol.27, No.3, pp.38-46.
10.7731/KIFSE.2013.27.3.038
Kim, H. J., et al. (2021). “Thermal response analysis of traditional wooden structures exposed to external fire using FDS.” Journal of Cultural Heritage Protection, Vol.12, No.3, pp.35-48.
Yoo, S. J. (2019). “Analysis of wildfire impact on cultural properties: a case study of sokcho-goseong wildfire.” Korean Journal of Fire Science and Engineering, Vol.33, No.2, pp.18-26.
SFPE. (2016). “SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering.” 5th Edition. Springer. p.140.
Nazare, S., et al. (2013). “Evaluating fire blocking performance of barrier fabrics, fire and material.” Vol.38, No.7, pp.695-716.
10.1002/fam.2210
SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden. (2010). “Fire safety in timber buildings -Technical guideline for Europe-.” Joint Research Centre and CEN TC 250/SC5, p.88.

Information

Publisher :National Heritage Disaster Prevention Society
Publisher(Ko) :국가유산방재학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention
Journal Title(Ko) :저널국가유산
Volume : 10
No :3
Pages :125-134
DOI :https://doi.org/10.69756/jnh.2025.10.3.125

[1] Alexander, I. Filkov, et al. (2023). “A review of thermal exposure and fire spread mechanisms in large outdoor fires and the built environment Fire Safety Journal.” Vol.140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103871.
10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.103871

[2] Butler, B., et al. (2015). “Observations of energy transport and rate of spreads from low-intensity fires in longleaf pine habitat - RxCADRE 2012.” Int. J. Wildland Fire, 25, pp.76-89.
10.1071/WF14154

[3] Frankman, D., et al. (2012). “The effect of sampling rate on interpretation of the temporal characteristics of radiative and convective heating in wildland flames.” Int. J. Wildland Fire, 22, pp.168-173.
10.1071/WF12034

[4] Pimont, F., et al. (2020). “Radiant heat flux modelling for wildfires.” The 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (IMACS), Vol.175, pp.62-80.
10.1016/j.matcom.2019.07.008

[5] Hilton, J. E., et al. “Dynamic modelling of radiant heat from wildfires.” MSSANZ (MODSIM 2017), pp.1104-1110.

[6] Hossain, M. D., et al. (2025). “Bushfire Resilient Building Cladding Assessment—A Review Based on the Australian Context.” Springer Open access, Fire Technology. pp.22.
10.1007/s10694-025-01776-0

[7] Kim, D.H. (2024). “Development and performance evaluation research on blocking devices to prevent heat damage to stone pagodas.” Journal National Heritage, Vol.9, No.2, pp.101-109.
10.69756/jnh.2024.9.2.101

[8] Kim, D. H. (2023). “A study on comparative analysis of fire weather risk index models for wooden cultural heritage.” Journal National Heritage, Vol.8, No.3, pp.231-242.
10.69756/jnh.2023.8.3.231

[9] Kim, D. H. (2023). “Fire simulation analysis on the effect of delaying fire spread of flame flame-resistance treatment for wooden building.” Journal National Heritage, Vol.8, No.3, pp.211-218.
10.69756/jnh.2023.8.3.211

[10] Kim, D. H., et al. (2020). “A study on fire vulnerability analysis of wooden cultural property using fire simulation - for Bulguksa temple -.” Journal National Heritage, Vol.5, No. 3, pp.233-242.

[11] Kim, D. H. (2013). “A study on guideline of water supply system for forest fire.” Journal of Fire Science and Engineering, Vol.27, No.3, pp.38-46.
10.7731/KIFSE.2013.27.3.038

[12] Kim, H. J., et al. (2021). “Thermal response analysis of traditional wooden structures exposed to external fire using FDS.” Journal of Cultural Heritage Protection, Vol.12, No.3, pp.35-48.

[13] Yoo, S. J. (2019). “Analysis of wildfire impact on cultural properties: a case study of sokcho-goseong wildfire.” Korean Journal of Fire Science and Engineering, Vol.33, No.2, pp.18-26.

[14] SFPE. (2016). “SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering.” 5th Edition. Springer. p.140.

[15] Nazare, S., et al. (2013). “Evaluating fire blocking performance of barrier fabrics, fire and material.” Vol.38, No.7, pp.695-716.
10.1002/fam.2210

[16] SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden. (2010). “Fire safety in timber buildings -Technical guideline for Europe-.” Joint Research Centre and CEN TC 250/SC5, p.88.

Journal National Heritage ISSN:3022-9200(Print) 3022-9383(Online) 저널 국가유산

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