A Study on Architectural Planning Principles for Fire Prevention in Wooden Cultural Heritage Buildings

doi:10.69756/jnh.2024.9.2.161

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2024 Vol.9, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

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A Study on Architectural Planning Principles for Fire Prevention in Wooden Cultural Heritage Buildings 목조 문화재 건축물의 화재 예방을 위한 건축계획적 설계 원칙에 관한 연구: 신용주¹
Shin, Yong-Joo¹; ¹경남대학교 건축학부 조교수

¹Assistant Professor, School of Architecture, Kyungnam University

31 August 2024. pp. 161-168

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Abstract

This paper describes the special specifications from an architectural design perspective to improve the fire vulnerability of wooden cultural heritage buildings. Wooden cultural assets are highly susceptible to fire due to electrical equipment failures, overheating of heating devices, careless handling of flames or cigarettes, and natural disasters. The main causes of fires include electrical fires, arson, and flying sparks, with electrical fires accounting for about 20% of all fire causes. A representative case is the Sungnyemun fire incident, which was caused by arson and resulted in significant damage due to the lack of a fire suppression manual. To prevent fires in such cultural heritage buildings, various technologies should be incorporated into the design. In particular, firewalls should be made of non-combustible materials, and water curtain protection technology, which sprays water to prevent fires, should be applied. Comprehensive fire prevention measures should be established from a specialized preventive perspective.

Keywords

Wooden Cultural Properties Building

Fire Prevention

Fire Prevention Techniques

Disaster Prevention Measures

본 논문은 목조 문화재 건축물의 화재 취약성을 개선하기 위한 건축설계적 관점에서의 특기시방 내용을 서술한 것이다. 목조 문화재는 전기 설비 고장, 난방 기구 과열, 불꽃, 담배 부주의, 자연재해 등으로 인해 화재에 매우 취약하다. 주요 화재 원인은 전기화재, 방화, 비화 등이 주요 원인으로, 특히 전기화재는 전체 화재 원인의 약 20%를 차지한다. 대표적인 사례로 숭례문 화재 사건은 방화로 인해 발생했으며, 화재 진압 매뉴얼의 부재로 큰 피해를 입었다. 이러한 문화재 건축물의 화재 예방을 위해 다양한 기술들이 설계에 반영되어야 하며 특히 방화벽은 불연성 재료로 구성되며, 수막 보호 기술은 물을 분사하여 화재를 방지하는 방법으로 적용되는 등 특화된 예방적 차원에서의 종합적 방재대책이 수립되어야 할 것이다.

키워드

목조 문화재 건축물

화재 예방

화재예방 기술

건축설계

방재대책

References

Reporter Yoon, S.Y. (2019). "Cultural property disaster prevention technology draws attention after Notre Dame Cathedral fire." Dong-A Science.
Shin, H.J., Beak, M.H. (2013). "A Study on the Consciousness of Fire-fighting Officers for the Establishment of Safety Measures for Wooden Cultural Assets." Journal of KOSHAM, Vol.13, No.3, pp.077-081.
10.9798/KOSHAM.2013.13.3.077
Azin Corporation. (2020). "Current status of fire resistance of wooden cultural assets, direction of wood fire resistance technology."
Lee, S.U. (2019). "A Study on the Methods of Initial Response Wooden Cultural Asset Architecture by Fire." International Journal of Contents, Vol.19, No.9, pp.112-121.
Chungbuk National University. (2015). "Performance assessment and application standard of Flame retardant for fire prevention of Historical Wooden Building."
Chapter 9: Implications of Fire Management on Cultural Resource, Rebecca S. Timmons.
DeBano, L., Kevin, C.R. (2012). USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep, RMRS-GTR-42-Vol.3.
Kfarm NEWS. (2017). "National Institute of Forest Science Unveils 'High-rise Wooden Construction Technology' that is Safe against Fire - Korea Forest Service, First wooden building in Korea to have 2-hour fire resistance… Wooden buildings of 5 stories or more are possible -". http://www.kenews.co.kr/
Oh, T.H., Park, C.S. (2016). "Improvement of Performance based wooden building National Fire Safety Codes." Korea Safety Management & Science, Vol.18, No.2, pp.83-92.
10.12812/ksms.2016.18.2.83
Lee, J.H., Kim, D.H. (2013). "Combustion Properties for Tree Species of Major Structural Components of Traditional Wooden Buildings." Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol.13, No.3, pp.17-22.
10.9798/KOSHAM.2013.13.3.017
Yoon, S.M., Park, Y.G., Chung, J.Y., Hwang, W.J. (2021). "Evaluation of Applicability to Metofluthrin-based Termiticide for the Traditional Wooden Buildings." Journal of Conservation Science, Vol.37, No.6, pp.679-688.
10.12654/JCS.2021.37.6.07
Design for durability and measures against deterioration of timber buildings (木造建築物の劣化対策) 木材保存. (2018). Vol.44, No.3, pp.196-199.
10.5990/jwpa.44.196
Wooden buildings in Kochi prefecture (2) ((その6）高知の木造建築物(2)), HARADA, Toshiro (森林総), 木材保存. (2023). Vol.49, No.2, pp.82-85.
10.5990/jwpa.49.82
木造軸組工法をベースとした中大規模木造建築物の生産システムの研究, TEZUKA etc 3, 日本建築學會技術報告集. (2019). Vol.25, No.60, pp.929-934.

Information

Publisher :National Heritage Disaster Prevention Society
Publisher(Ko) :국가유산방재학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention
Journal Title(Ko) :저널국가유산
Volume : 9
No :2
Pages :161-168
DOI :https://doi.org/10.69756/jnh.2024.9.2.161

[1] Reporter Yoon, S.Y. (2019). "Cultural property disaster prevention technology draws attention after Notre Dame Cathedral fire." Dong-A Science.

[2] Shin, H.J., Beak, M.H. (2013). "A Study on the Consciousness of Fire-fighting Officers for the Establishment of Safety Measures for Wooden Cultural Assets." Journal of KOSHAM, Vol.13, No.3, pp.077-081.
10.9798/KOSHAM.2013.13.3.077

[3] Azin Corporation. (2020). "Current status of fire resistance of wooden cultural assets, direction of wood fire resistance technology."

[4] Lee, S.U. (2019). "A Study on the Methods of Initial Response Wooden Cultural Asset Architecture by Fire." International Journal of Contents, Vol.19, No.9, pp.112-121.

[5] Chungbuk National University. (2015). "Performance assessment and application standard of Flame retardant for fire prevention of Historical Wooden Building."

[6] Chapter 9: Implications of Fire Management on Cultural Resource, Rebecca S. Timmons.

[7] DeBano, L., Kevin, C.R. (2012). USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep, RMRS-GTR-42-Vol.3.

[8] Kfarm NEWS. (2017). "National Institute of Forest Science Unveils 'High-rise Wooden Construction Technology' that is Safe against Fire - Korea Forest Service, First wooden building in Korea to have 2-hour fire resistance… Wooden buildings of 5 stories or more are possible -". http://www.kenews.co.kr/

[9] Oh, T.H., Park, C.S. (2016). "Improvement of Performance based wooden building National Fire Safety Codes." Korea Safety Management & Science, Vol.18, No.2, pp.83-92.
10.12812/ksms.2016.18.2.83

[10] Lee, J.H., Kim, D.H. (2013). "Combustion Properties for Tree Species of Major Structural Components of Traditional Wooden Buildings." Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol.13, No.3, pp.17-22.
10.9798/KOSHAM.2013.13.3.017

[11] Yoon, S.M., Park, Y.G., Chung, J.Y., Hwang, W.J. (2021). "Evaluation of Applicability to Metofluthrin-based Termiticide for the Traditional Wooden Buildings." Journal of Conservation Science, Vol.37, No.6, pp.679-688.
10.12654/JCS.2021.37.6.07

[12] Design for durability and measures against deterioration of timber buildings (木造建築物の劣化対策) 木材保存. (2018). Vol.44, No.3, pp.196-199.
10.5990/jwpa.44.196

[13] Wooden buildings in Kochi prefecture (2) ((その6）高知の木造建築物(2)), HARADA, Toshiro (森林総), 木材保存. (2023). Vol.49, No.2, pp.82-85.
10.5990/jwpa.49.82

[14] 木造軸組工法をベースとした中大規模木造建築物の生産システムの研究, TEZUKA etc 3, 日本建築學會技術報告集. (2019). Vol.25, No.60, pp.929-934.

Journal National Heritage ISSN:3022-9200(Print) 3022-9383(Online) 저널 국가유산

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