Distribution and Change of Roof Types in Korean Traditional Wooden Heritage

doi:10.69756/jnh.2026.11.1.023

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2026 Vol.11, Issue 1 Preview Page

Article

Distribution and Change of Roof Types in Korean Traditional Wooden Heritage 한국 전통 목조건축 지붕 형식의 구조적 유형 분류와 변천 특성 연구: 이재원^*ㆍ이지훈^**ㆍ양현혁^***ㆍ남진우^****ㆍ문종욱^*****
Lee, Jaewon^*ㆍLee, Jihun^**ㆍYang, Hyeonhyeok^***ㆍNam, Jinwoo^****ㆍMoon, Jongwook^*****; ^* 주저자, 경남대학교 대학원 스마트건설기술공학 석사과정 (E-mail: i071111@naver.com)
^** 경남대학교 대학원 스마트건설기술공학 석사과정 (E-mail: wlgns3754@naver.com)
^*** 한방유비스 R&D센터 연구원 (E-mail: yhh6881@kfubis.com)
^**** 한방유비스 R&D센터 연구원 (E-mail: njw6891@kfubis.com)
^***** 교신저자, 정회원, 경남대학교 건축학부 교수 (E-mail: mc8126@kyungnam.ac.kr)

^* Graduate School of Kyungnam University, Master's Program in Smart Construction Technology Engineering
^** Graduate School of Kyungnam University, Master's Program in Smart Construction Technology Engineering
^*** Researcher, Future Initiative R&D Center, KF UBIS CO., Ltd.
^**** Researcher, Future Initiative R&D Center, KF UBIS CO., Ltd.
^***** Corresponding Author, Member, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Kyungnam University

30 April 2026. pp. 23-31

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Abstract

This study analyzes the distribution and transformation of roof types in 118 cases of Korean traditional wooden heritage based on drawing data from the Korea Heritage Service. Roof types were classified into gable, hipped-and-gable, and hipped roofs, and their overall, chronological, and regional distributions were examined. The results show that 62 cases (52.5%) were gable roofs, 55 cases (46.6%) were hipped-and-gable roofs, and 1 case (0.8%) was a hipped roof. Chronologically, gable roofs were more common in earlier periods, whereas hipped-and-gable roofs increased in later periods. Regionally, gable roofs were relatively dominant in the Yeongnam and Gangwon regions, while hipped-and-gable roofs were relatively dominant in the Jungbu and Honam regions. These findings indicate that roof types in Korean traditional wooden architecture form a typological structure that varies by period and region.

Keywords

Korean traditional architecture

Wooden heritage

Roof type

Gable roof

Hipped-and-gable roof

Hipped roof

본 연구는 국가유산청 도면 자료에 수록된 한국 전통 목조 문화유산 118건을 대상으로 지붕 형식의 분포와 변천을 분석한 것이다. 지붕 형식은 맞배지붕, 팔작지붕, 모임지붕으로 구분하였으며, 전체·시대별·지역별 분포를 검토하였다. 분석 결과, 맞배지붕 62건(52.5%), 팔작지붕 55건(46.6%), 모임지붕 1건(0.8%)으로 나타나 맞배와 팔작이 중심적 분포 구조를 형성하였다. 시대별로는 초기 맞배지붕 비중이 높고 후대로 갈수록 팔작지붕 비중이 확대되었으며, 지역별로는 영남·강원권에서 맞배지붕, 중부·호남권에서 팔작지붕이 상대적으로 우세하였다. 이는 한국 전통 목조건축의 지붕 형식이 시대와 지역에 따라 재편되는 유형 구조를 가진다는 점을 보여준다.

키워드

한국 전통 목조건축

지붕 형식

맞배지붕

팔작지붕

모임지붕

분포 분석

References

Korea Heritage Service. (2024). 2024 Standard specifications for national heritage repair. https://www.heritage. go.kr/heri/cul/linkSelectEbookDetail.do?bbsId=BBSMSTR_1021&nttId=88642.
Korea Heritage Service. (n.d.). National Heritage Portal. Retrieved April 21, 2026, from https://www.heritage.go.kr
Architectural Heritage Research Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. (2022). Proceedings of the 2022 ISCARSAH international expert workshop seminar on stone, wood, and earth.
Kim, G., Lee, J., Bae, M. (2003). “Difference of deterioration according to exposed conditions of columns in historic wooden buildings.” Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 58-68.
Kim, W. (2007). An easy dictionary of Korean architectural terminology. Dongnyeok.
Park, W., Lee, G. (2007). “Changes in the wood species used in Korean buildings.” Journal of Architectural History, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 9-28.
Lee, J., Moon, J. (2025, November 21-22). “A logically systematized study on the use of wood species based on structural functional groups in Korean traditional wooden architecture.” In Proceedings of the 2025 Academic Conference of the Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam Chapter of the Architectural Institute of Korea (pp. 77-80). Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam Chapter of the Architectural Institute of Korea.
Lee, J., Kim, D. (2013). “Combustion properties of tree species used in major structural members of traditional wooden buildings.” Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 17-22.
10.9798/KOSHAM.2013.13.3.017
Lee, J. (2017). Nondestructive testing of wood: Principles and applications. Seoul National University Press.
Jang, G. (1996). Compendium of Korean architecture 5: Wooden architecture. Boseonggak.
Component Investigation Research Team, Traditional Architecture Repair Technology Advancement Foundation. (2021). Korean timber used in traditional architecture.
Traditional Architecture Repair Technology Advancement Foundation. (2022). Guide to nondestructive deterioration diagnosis of wooden members.
Choi, J. (2022). “On the repair of architectural cultural heritage.” In Proceedings of the 2022 ISCARSAH international expert workshop seminar on stone, wood, and earth (pp. 10-31). Architectural Heritage Research Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage.

Information

Publisher :National Heritage Disaster Prevention Society
Publisher(Ko) :국가유산방재학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention
Journal Title(Ko) :저널국가유산
Volume : 11
No :1
Pages :23-31
DOI :https://doi.org/10.69756/jnh.2026.11.1.023

[1] Korea Heritage Service. (2024). 2024 Standard specifications for national heritage repair. https://www.heritage. go.kr/heri/cul/linkSelectEbookDetail.do?bbsId=BBSMSTR_1021&nttId=88642.

[2] Korea Heritage Service. (n.d.). National Heritage Portal. Retrieved April 21, 2026, from https://www.heritage.go.kr

[3] Architectural Heritage Research Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. (2022). Proceedings of the 2022 ISCARSAH international expert workshop seminar on stone, wood, and earth.

[4] Kim, G., Lee, J., Bae, M. (2003). “Difference of deterioration according to exposed conditions of columns in historic wooden buildings.” Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 58-68.

[5] Kim, W. (2007). An easy dictionary of Korean architectural terminology. Dongnyeok.

[6] Park, W., Lee, G. (2007). “Changes in the wood species used in Korean buildings.” Journal of Architectural History, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 9-28.

[7] Lee, J., Moon, J. (2025, November 21-22). “A logically systematized study on the use of wood species based on structural functional groups in Korean traditional wooden architecture.” In Proceedings of the 2025 Academic Conference of the Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam Chapter of the Architectural Institute of Korea (pp. 77-80). Busan-Ulsan-Gyeongnam Chapter of the Architectural Institute of Korea.

[8] Lee, J., Kim, D. (2013). “Combustion properties of tree species used in major structural members of traditional wooden buildings.” Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 17-22.
10.9798/KOSHAM.2013.13.3.017

[9] Lee, J. (2017). Nondestructive testing of wood: Principles and applications. Seoul National University Press.

[10] Jang, G. (1996). Compendium of Korean architecture 5: Wooden architecture. Boseonggak.

[11] Component Investigation Research Team, Traditional Architecture Repair Technology Advancement Foundation. (2021). Korean timber used in traditional architecture.

[12] Traditional Architecture Repair Technology Advancement Foundation. (2022). Guide to nondestructive deterioration diagnosis of wooden members.

[13] Choi, J. (2022). “On the repair of architectural cultural heritage.” In Proceedings of the 2022 ISCARSAH international expert workshop seminar on stone, wood, and earth (pp. 10-31). Architectural Heritage Research Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage.

Journal National Heritage ISSN:3022-9200(Print) 3022-9383(Online) 저널 국가유산

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