Analysis of National Heritage Damage Considering Wildfire Spread Characteristics

doi:10.69756/jnh.2026.11.1.009

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2026 Vol.11, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Article

Analysis of National Heritage Damage Considering Wildfire Spread Characteristics 산불 확산 특성을 고려한 국가유산 피해 영향 분석: 이소현^*ㆍ차성은^**ㆍ이승제^***ㆍ유승민^****ㆍ정성철^*****ㆍ권춘근^******
Lee, Sohyun^*ㆍCha, Sungeun^**ㆍLee, Seungje^***ㆍYoo, Seungmin^****ㆍJung, Sungcheol^*****ㆍKwon, Chungeun^******; ^* 국립산림과학원 연구원 (E-mail: gusdjsl622@gmail.com)
^** 국립산림과학원 임업연구사 (E-mail: scha@korea.kr)
^*** 국립산림과학원 연구원 (E-mail: lsj7522@gmail.com)
^**** 국립산림과학원 박사연구원 (E-mail: smyoo94731@snu.ac.kr)
^***** 국립산림과학원 임업연구관 (E-mail: scjungkr@korea.kr)
^****** 교신저자, 국립산림과학원 임업연구사 (E-mail: chungeun@korea.kr)

^* M.S. Researcher, Forest Fire Division, National Institute of Forest Science
^** Research Official, Forest Fire Division, National Institute of Forest Science
^*** Researcher, Forest Fire Division, National Institute of Forest Science
^**** Ph.D Researcher. Forest Fire Division, National Institute of Forest Science
^***** Senior Researcher, Forest Fire Division, National Institute of Forest Science
^****** Corresponding Author, Research Official, Forest Fire Division, National Institute of Forest Science

30 April 2026. pp. 9-22

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Abstract

This study analyzed wildfire approach characteristics based on spread direction and distance to national heritage. The main spread direction was derived from time-series wildfire data, and distance variation and approach rate were calculated. national heritage locations were classified into heading, flanking, and backing fire zones based on the spread direction. The results showed faster approach rates in the heading fire zone, while lower or no approach occurred in flanking and backing zones. In some cases, although not within the affected area, decreasing distance and approach rate indicated potential reach if the wildfire continued. These results show that the relative relationship between wildfire spread direction and national heritage location strongly influences approach characteristics, and that rapid and prioritized protection is required when located in the heading fire zone.

Keywords

Wildfire

Approach rate

Dominant spread direction

National heritage damage

본 연구는 산불 확산의 방향성과 국가유산과의 거리 변화를 기반으로 접근 특성을 분석하였다. 시점별 확산 영역을 이용해 주 확산 방향을 도출하고, 국가유산과의 거리 변화 및 접근 속도를 산정하였다. 또한, 주 확산 방향을 기준으로 국가유산의 위치를 전진, 횡진, 후진 영역으로 구분하여 특성을 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 전진산불 영역에 위치한 경우 접근 속도가 빠르게 나타났으며, 횡진 및 후진 영역에서는 접근 속도가 낮거나 접근이 발생하지 않았다. 일부 사례에서는 영향구역에 포함되지 않았으나, 거리 감소와 접근 속도를 고려할 때 확산이 지속될 경우 도달 가능성이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 산불 확산 방향과 국가유산 위치 간의 상대적 관계가 접근 특성에 중요한 영향을 미치며, 특히 전진산불 영역에 위치한 경우 신속한 초기 대응과 우선적인 보호 조치가 필요함을 보여준다.

키워드

산불

접근 속도

주확산방향

국가유산 피해

References

IPCC (2021). “Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis”, Cambridge University Press.
IPCC (2023). “Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report”, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
산림청 (2023). “산불통계연보”, 산림청.
국가유산청 (2022). “국가유산 화재 취약성 관련 자료”, 국가유산청.
Abatzoglou, J.T., Williams, A.P. (2016). “Impact of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire across western US forests”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
10.1073/pnas.1607171113 27791053 PMC5081637
Finney, M. A. (2004). “FARSITE: Fire Area Simulator—Model Development and Evaluation”, USDA Forest Service.
Rothermel, R. C. (1972). “A Mathematical Model for Predicting Fire Spread in Wildland Fuels”, USDA Forest Service.
Anderson, H. E. (1982). “Aids to Determining Fuel Models for Estimating Fire Behavior”, USDA Forest Service.
10.2737/INT-GTR-122
Pastor, E., Zárate, L., Planas, E., Arnaldos, J. (2003). “Mathematical models and calculation systems for the study of wildland fire behaviour”, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.
10.1016/S0360-1285(03)00017-0
Preisler, H. K., Brillinger, D. R., Burgan, R. E., Benoit, J. W. (2004). “Probability based models for estimation of wildfire risk”, International Journal of Wildland Fire.
10.1071/WF02061
Pyne, S. J., Andrews, P. L., Laven, R. D. (1996). “Introduction to wildland fire”, Wiley.
Alexander, M. E., Cruz, M. G. (2012). “Interdependencies between flame length and fire spread rate in predicting crown fire initiation and crown scorch height”, International Journal of Wildland Fire.
10.1071/WF11001
Cruz, M. G., Alexander, M. E., Wakimoto, R. H. (2005). “Development and testing of models for predicting crown fire rate of spread in conifer forest stands”, Canadian Journal of Forest Research.
10.1139/x05-085
Sullivan, A. L. (2009). “Wildland surface fire spread modelling, 1990–2007: 1. Physical and quasi-physical models”, International Journal of Wildland Fire.
10.1071/WF06143
Scott, J. H., Burgan, R. E. (2005). “Standard fire behavior fuel models: A comprehensive set for use with Rothermel’s surface fire spread model”, USDA Forest Service.
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Van Wagner, C. E. (1987). “Development and structure of the canadian forest fire weather index system”, Canadian Forestry Service.

Information

Publisher :National Heritage Disaster Prevention Society
Publisher(Ko) :국가유산방재학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention
Journal Title(Ko) :저널국가유산
Volume : 11
No :1
Pages :9-22
DOI :https://doi.org/10.69756/jnh.2026.11.1.009

[1] IPCC (2021). “Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis”, Cambridge University Press.

[2] IPCC (2023). “Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report”, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

[3] 산림청 (2023). “산불통계연보”, 산림청.

[4] 국가유산청 (2022). “국가유산 화재 취약성 관련 자료”, 국가유산청.

[5] Abatzoglou, J.T., Williams, A.P. (2016). “Impact of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire across western US forests”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
10.1073/pnas.1607171113 27791053 PMC5081637

[6] Finney, M. A. (2004). “FARSITE: Fire Area Simulator—Model Development and Evaluation”, USDA Forest Service.

[7] Rothermel, R. C. (1972). “A Mathematical Model for Predicting Fire Spread in Wildland Fuels”, USDA Forest Service.

[8] Anderson, H. E. (1982). “Aids to Determining Fuel Models for Estimating Fire Behavior”, USDA Forest Service.
10.2737/INT-GTR-122

[9] Pastor, E., Zárate, L., Planas, E., Arnaldos, J. (2003). “Mathematical models and calculation systems for the study of wildland fire behaviour”, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.
10.1016/S0360-1285(03)00017-0

[10] Preisler, H. K., Brillinger, D. R., Burgan, R. E., Benoit, J. W. (2004). “Probability based models for estimation of wildfire risk”, International Journal of Wildland Fire.
10.1071/WF02061

[11] Pyne, S. J., Andrews, P. L., Laven, R. D. (1996). “Introduction to wildland fire”, Wiley.

[12] Alexander, M. E., Cruz, M. G. (2012). “Interdependencies between flame length and fire spread rate in predicting crown fire initiation and crown scorch height”, International Journal of Wildland Fire.
10.1071/WF11001

[13] Cruz, M. G., Alexander, M. E., Wakimoto, R. H. (2005). “Development and testing of models for predicting crown fire rate of spread in conifer forest stands”, Canadian Journal of Forest Research.
10.1139/x05-085

[14] Sullivan, A. L. (2009). “Wildland surface fire spread modelling, 1990–2007: 1. Physical and quasi-physical models”, International Journal of Wildland Fire.
10.1071/WF06143

[15] Scott, J. H., Burgan, R. E. (2005). “Standard fire behavior fuel models: A comprehensive set for use with Rothermel’s surface fire spread model”, USDA Forest Service.
10.2737/RMRS-GTR-153

[16] Van Wagner, C. E. (1987). “Development and structure of the canadian forest fire weather index system”, Canadian Forestry Service.

Journal National Heritage ISSN:3022-9200(Print) 3022-9383(Online) 저널 국가유산

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