Data Framework for Fire Protection and Conservation of Wooden Cultural Heritage – Typology of Wood Species Utilization in Korean Traditional Wooden Architecture

doi:10.69756/jnh.2025.10.2.085

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2025 Vol.10, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

Article

Data Framework for Fire Protection and Conservation of Wooden Cultural Heritage – Typology of Wood Species Utilization in Korean Traditional Wooden Architecture 소방 방재 및 보수를 위한 목조 문화유산 자료 구축 연구 - 시대와 지역에 따른 한국 전통 목조건축의 수종 활용 유형화 연구: 이재원*ㆍ이지훈**ㆍ신용주***ㆍ문종욱****
Lee, Jaewon*, Lee, Jihun**, Shin, Yongjoo***, Moon, Jongwook****; * 주저자, 경남대학교 대학원 스마트건설기술공학 석사과정 (E-mail: i071111@naver.com)
** 경남대학교 대학원 스마트건설기술공학 석사과정 (E-mail: wlgns3754@naver.com)
*** 정회원, 경남대학교 건축학부 교수 (E-mail: mypseang1@kyungnam.ac.kr)
**** 교신저자, 정회원, 경남대학교 건축학부 교수 (E-mail: mc8126@kyungnam.ac.kr)

*Lead Author, Graduate School of Kyungnam University, Master's Program in Smart Construction Technology Engineering
**Graduate School of Kyungnam University, Master's Program in Smart Construction Technology Engineering
***Member, Assistant Professor, School of Architecture, kyungnam University
****Corresponding Author, Member, Professor, School of Architecture, kyungnam University

31 August 2025. pp. 85-92

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Abstract

This study establishes a data framework for fire protection and conservation of wooden cultural heritage through the typology of timber utilization in Korean traditional architecture. From the Three Kingdoms to late Joseon, conifers were used for columns, beams, and roof members, while ring-porous hardwoods were applied to floors and joints. Regional variations included red pine in Yeongnam, hardwood mixtures in Honam, fir and larch in Gangwon, and standardized systems in the capital. These findings show that species selection followed rational, adaptive principles rather than convention, and they provide essential references for restoration, substitution, and fire-resilient conservation strategies.

Keywords

Wooden Heritage

Fire Protection

Conservation

Timber Utilization Typology

Regional Patterns

본 연구는 한국 전통 목조건축에서의 목재 수종 활용을 시대와 지역 맥락에서 유형화하고, 이를 바탕으로 목조 문화유산의 소방 방재 및 보수를 위한 자료 구축 체계를 제시한다. 삼국시대부터 조선 후기까지의 사례를 분석한 결과, 기둥·보·도리·서까래 등 주요 구조재에는 침엽수가, 마루·문지방·결구부 등 마모·습윤 지배 부위에는 환공재 활엽수가 선택되는 경향이 확인되었다. 지역별로는 영남의 적송 중심, 호남의 활엽수 혼용, 강원의 전나무·낙엽송, 수도권의 집산·표준화 체계가 특징적이었다. 이러한 경향은 단순한 관습이 아니라 자원 여건, 기후·지형, 건축 수요를 반영한 합리적 의사결정 체계임을 보여준다. 본 연구의 결과는 문화유산 보수·복원에서 동일 수종을 확보하기 어려운 상황에 대비한 대체 수종 선정과 소방 방재 성능을 고려한 재료 운용 전략에 기초 자료가 될 수 있다. 나아가 목재의 열적·동적 특성은 현대 건축의 안전성과 지속가능성 논의에도 적용 가능함을 보여준다.

키워드

목조 문화유산

소방 방재

보수·복원

전통 목조건축

수종 활용 유형

지역 특성

References

Park, W.-K., Lee, K.-H. (2007). Changes in the species of woods used for Korean ancient and historic architectures. Journal of Architectural History, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 9-28.
Lee, J.-H., Kim, D.-H. (2013). Combustion characteristics of wood species used for major structural members of traditional wooden buildings. Journal of the Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 69-75.
10.9798/KOSHAM.2013.13.3.017
Hwang, S.-W., Park, B.-S., Kim, Y.-S. (2016). Identification of Pinus species related to historic architecture in Korea by NIR spectroscopy. Journal of Wood Science, Vol. 62, No. 6, pp. 483-493.
10.1007/s10086-016-1540-0 PMC7421231
Yeon, J.-A., Kim, S.-C., Lee, J.-H., Park, S.-J. (2013). Wood species identification for Dae-gu Bukjijangsa Daeungjeon hall. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 237-245.
10.5658/WOOD.2013.41.3.201
Hwang, S.-W., Kim, S.-C., Lee, J.-H., Park, B.-S. (2020). Wood identification of historical architecture in Korea: Review. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 283-299.
10.5658/WOOD.2020.48.3.283
Hwang, K.-H., Park, B.-S. (2009). Effect of cross-sectional dimension on the shrinkage property of Korean red-pine wood. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 231-238.
Cultural Heritage Administration. (2025). National Heritage Portal. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.go.kr (Accessed: 2025-08-21).
National Folk Museum of Korea. (2025). Photo Archives and Folk Material Database. Retrieved from http://www.nfm.go.kr (Accessed: 2025-08-19).
Korea Forest Service. (2024). Korea Forest Statistics Annual. Retrieved from http://www.forest.go.kr (Accessed: 2025-08-17).
Korea Meteorological Administration. (2024). Climate Data Service Portal. Retrieved from http://climate.go.kr (Accessed: 2025-08-23).

Information

Publisher :National Heritage Disaster Prevention Society
Publisher(Ko) :국가유산방재학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention
Journal Title(Ko) :저널국가유산
Volume : 10
No :2
Pages :85-92
DOI :https://doi.org/10.69756/jnh.2025.10.2.085

[1] Park, W.-K., Lee, K.-H. (2007). Changes in the species of woods used for Korean ancient and historic architectures. Journal of Architectural History, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 9-28.

[2] Lee, J.-H., Kim, D.-H. (2013). Combustion characteristics of wood species used for major structural members of traditional wooden buildings. Journal of the Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 69-75.
10.9798/KOSHAM.2013.13.3.017

[3] Hwang, S.-W., Park, B.-S., Kim, Y.-S. (2016). Identification of Pinus species related to historic architecture in Korea by NIR spectroscopy. Journal of Wood Science, Vol. 62, No. 6, pp. 483-493.
10.1007/s10086-016-1540-0 PMC7421231

[4] Yeon, J.-A., Kim, S.-C., Lee, J.-H., Park, S.-J. (2013). Wood species identification for Dae-gu Bukjijangsa Daeungjeon hall. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 237-245.
10.5658/WOOD.2013.41.3.201

[5] Hwang, S.-W., Kim, S.-C., Lee, J.-H., Park, B.-S. (2020). Wood identification of historical architecture in Korea: Review. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 283-299.
10.5658/WOOD.2020.48.3.283

[6] Hwang, K.-H., Park, B.-S. (2009). Effect of cross-sectional dimension on the shrinkage property of Korean red-pine wood. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 231-238.

[7] Cultural Heritage Administration. (2025). National Heritage Portal. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.go.kr (Accessed: 2025-08-21).

[8] National Folk Museum of Korea. (2025). Photo Archives and Folk Material Database. Retrieved from http://www.nfm.go.kr (Accessed: 2025-08-19).

[9] Korea Forest Service. (2024). Korea Forest Statistics Annual. Retrieved from http://www.forest.go.kr (Accessed: 2025-08-17).

[10] Korea Meteorological Administration. (2024). Climate Data Service Portal. Retrieved from http://climate.go.kr (Accessed: 2025-08-23).

Journal National Heritage ISSN:3022-9200(Print) 3022-9383(Online) 저널 국가유산

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