Analysis of the Invasive Termites in Plant Quarantine and  Characteristics of Drywood Termites Found in South Korea

doi:10.69756/jnh.2024.9.1.011

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2024 Vol.9, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Article

Analysis of the Invasive Termites in Plant Quarantine and Characteristics of Drywood Termites Found in South Korea 식물검역 중 외래흰개미의 발견 사례와 최근 국내에서 발견된 마른나무흰개미의 특성 분석: 김태헌^*ㆍ김시현^**
Kim, Taeheon^*ㆍKim, Sihyun^**; ^*정회원, 국립문화재연구원 안전방재연구실 연구원
^**정회원, 국립문화재연구원 복원기술연구실 학예연구사

^*Member, Researcher, Safety and Disaster Prevention Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage
^**Member, Research Officer, Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage

30 April 2024. pp. 11-27

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Abstract

In 2023, termite species previously unidentified in Korea were discovered in Gangnam-gu, Seoul, and Jinhae-gu, Changwon-si. This has prompted concerns about the potential damage to wooden cultural heritage caused by invasive termites in the future. In this study, we analyzed the detection cases of invasive termites by analyzing the plant quarantine data of the past 20 years. Additionally, we introduced the ecological characteristics of drywood termites recently identified in Korea. A total of 67 instances of exotic termites have been identified in various wood products and other plants imported from 16 countries over the past 20 years. These include the Formosan subterranean termite, which causes significant economic damage on a global scale, as well as the recently discovered drywood termite in Korea. In order to prevent the introduction of invasive termites and the subsequent damage to wooden cultural heritage, it is imperative that a thorough quarantine of major imported products where termites are found by country be conducted. Furthermore, research should be conducted on the characteristics and control measures of invasive termites that may be introduced into Korea in the future.

Keywords

Invasive termite

Wooden cultural heritage

Plant quarantine

Drywood termite

2023년 서울시 강남구와 창원시 진해구에서 기존에 국내에서 발견되지 않았던 흰개미 종들이 발견되며, 향후 외래흰개미로 인한 목조문화유산의 피해가 우려되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 외래흰개미 대응을 위한 기초 연구로 과거 20여년간의 식물검역 자료를 분석하여 외래흰개미의 검출 사례들을 살펴보았으며, 더불어 최근 국내에서 확인된 마른나무흰개미의 생태적 특징을 소개하였다. 외래흰개미는 20년간 총 16개국에서 수입된 다양한 목재류와 기타식물에서 67회 검역되었으며, 전세계적으로 심각한 경제적 피해를 끼치는 대만지중흰개미와 함께 최근 국내에서 발견되었던 마른나무흰개미과의 흰개미 등이 포함되었다. 외래흰개미 유입을 차단하고 국내 목조문화유산에 대한 피해를 방지하기 위해서는 국가별 흰개미가 발견되는 주요 수입품목에 대한 철저한 검역이 이루어져야 하며, 향후 국내 유입될 수 있는 외래흰개미의 특성 및 방제 방안에 대해 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

키워드

외래흰개미

목조문화유산

수입식물검역

마른나무흰개미

References

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10.7738/JAH.2015.24.5.041
Animal and plant quarantine agency. (2003~2022). "The yearbook of plant quarantine statistics.".
Animal and plant quarantine agency. (2016). "Selected as a national priority surveillance target for pests & Development of a comprehensive response manual for exotic termites.".
Animal and plant quarantine agency. (accessed 2024.03.28.). "https://www.qia.go.kr/plant/pest/plant_insec_rule.jsp".
Bang, S.W., Kim, M.H., Roh, T.H. (2004). "Development of Intergrated Management Plan for Abating the Threats from Invasive Alien Species in Korea." Korea Environment Institute, ISBN 89-8464-099-9 93530, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Cabrera, B.J., Scheffrahn, R.H. (2014). "Western Drywood Termite, Incisitermes minor (Hagen) (Insecta: Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)." University of Florida IFAS Extension and Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, EENY-248.
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10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153554 23020620
Eyer, P.A., Vargo, E.L. (2021). "Breeding structure and invasiveness in social insects." Current Opinion in Insect Science, Vol.46, pp.24-30.
10.1016/j.cois.2021.01.004 33549724
Hartke, T.R., Baer, B. (2011). "The mating biology of termites: a comparative review." Animal Behaviour, Vol.82, No.5, pp.927-936.
10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.07.022
Huang, Z.Y., Qian, X., Zhong, J.H., Xia1, C.G., Hu, J. (2007). "Progress of Biological Studies on Primary Reproductives in Cryptotermes domesticus (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)." Sociobiology, Vol.50, No.1, pp.1-7.
Indrayani, Y., Yoshimura, T., Fujii, Y., Yanase, Y., Okahisa, Y., Imamura, Y. (2004). "Survey on the infestation of houses by Incisitermes minor (Hagen) in Kansai and Hokuriku areas." Japanese Journal of Environmental Entomology and Zoology, Vol.15, No.4, pp.261-268.
Im, I.K., Han, G.S. (2022). "Changes in the Detection Performance of Termatrac T3i as a Reticulitermes Speratus Detection Device According to the Wood(Species and Moisture Content) and Detection(Depth and Direction) Condition." Journal of Conservation Science, Vol.38, No.5, pp.549-557.
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10.1079/9781780642758.0130
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Su, N.Y., Scheffrahn, R.H. (1990) "Economically important termites in the united states and their control." Sociobiol, Vol.17, pp.77-94.
Takata, M., Yabe, K., Noro, T., Mizote, S., Konishi, T., Tasaki, E. and Matsuura, K. (2023). "A method for estimating colony size using queen fecundity in termites under field conditions." The Science of Nature, Vol.110, No.35.
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Information

Publisher :National Heritage Disaster Prevention Society
Publisher(Ko) :국가유산방재학회
Journal Title :Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention
Journal Title(Ko) :저널국가유산
Volume : 9
No :1
Pages :11-27
DOI :https://doi.org/10.69756/jnh.2024.9.1.011

[1] Ahn, J.C. (2015). "Quantitative Analysis for Termites Damage of Wooden Heritage using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity." Journal of architectural history, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp.41-48.
10.7738/JAH.2015.24.5.041

[2] Animal and plant quarantine agency. (2003~2022). "The yearbook of plant quarantine statistics.".

[3] Animal and plant quarantine agency. (2016). "Selected as a national priority surveillance target for pests & Development of a comprehensive response manual for exotic termites.".

[4] Animal and plant quarantine agency. (accessed 2024.03.28.). "https://www.qia.go.kr/plant/pest/plant_insec_rule.jsp".

[5] Bang, S.W., Kim, M.H., Roh, T.H. (2004). "Development of Intergrated Management Plan for Abating the Threats from Invasive Alien Species in Korea." Korea Environment Institute, ISBN 89-8464-099-9 93530, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

[6] Cabrera, B.J., Scheffrahn, R.H. (2014). "Western Drywood Termite, Incisitermes minor (Hagen) (Insecta: Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)." University of Florida IFAS Extension and Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, EENY-248.

[7] Cultural Heritage Administration. (2012). "Manual of Cultural Heritage Biological Damage Management." ISBN 978-89-299-0011-3 93600, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

[8] Cultural Heritage Administration. (2023). "National heritage viewed through statistics 2023." ISSN 3022-6104, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

[9] Evans, T.A., Forschler, B.T., Grace, J.K. (2013). "Biology of invasive termites: a world wide review." Annuual Review of Entomology, Vol.58, pp.455-474.
10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153554 23020620

[10] Eyer, P.A., Vargo, E.L. (2021). "Breeding structure and invasiveness in social insects." Current Opinion in Insect Science, Vol.46, pp.24-30.
10.1016/j.cois.2021.01.004 33549724

[11] Hartke, T.R., Baer, B. (2011). "The mating biology of termites: a comparative review." Animal Behaviour, Vol.82, No.5, pp.927-936.
10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.07.022

[12] Huang, Z.Y., Qian, X., Zhong, J.H., Xia1, C.G., Hu, J. (2007). "Progress of Biological Studies on Primary Reproductives in Cryptotermes domesticus (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)." Sociobiology, Vol.50, No.1, pp.1-7.

[13] Indrayani, Y., Yoshimura, T., Fujii, Y., Yanase, Y., Okahisa, Y., Imamura, Y. (2004). "Survey on the infestation of houses by Incisitermes minor (Hagen) in Kansai and Hokuriku areas." Japanese Journal of Environmental Entomology and Zoology, Vol.15, No.4, pp.261-268.

[14] Im, I.K., Han, G.S. (2022). "Changes in the Detection Performance of Termatrac T3i as a Reticulitermes Speratus Detection Device According to the Wood(Species and Moisture Content) and Detection(Depth and Direction) Condition." Journal of Conservation Science, Vol.38, No.5, pp.549-557.
10.12654/JCS.2022.38.5.15

[15] Khan, M.A., Ahmad, W. (2018). "Termites and Sustainable Management Volume 1 - Biology, Social Behaviour and Economic Importance." Springer, ISBN 978-3-319-72109-5, Cham, Switzerland.

[16] Kim, M.J., Lee, J.K., Nan, Y.W., Park, Y.H. (2023). "Assessing the Climatic Suitability for the Drywood Termite, Cryptotermes domesticus Haviland (Blattodea: Kalotermitidae), in South Korea." The Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Vol.62, No.3, pp.215-220.

[17] Kim, S.H., Im, I.K., Lee, S.B. (2023). "A Change of Termite(Reticulitermes speratus) Activity with Temperature Chage in Korea." Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention, Vol.8, No.1, pp.19-28.

[18] Kim, S.H., Kim, J.S. (2024). "Estimation of the Damage Risk Range and Activity Period of Termites (Reticulitermes speratus) in Korean Wooden Architectural Heritage Building Sites." Forests, Vol.15, No.4, pp.1-20.
10.3390/f15040602

[19] Kim, S.H., Lee. S.B. (2019). "Introduction of invasive termite and threat of wooden architectural heritage." Journal of the Society of Cultural Heritage Disaster Prevention, Vol.4, No.2, pp.139-147.

[20] Korea Foundation for the Traditional Architecture and Technology, National Institute of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University, (2022). "Guide to Non-destructive Diagnosis of Wood Members' Deterioration." Korea Foundation for the Traditional Architecture and Technology. ISBN 979-11-965662-8-9 93500, Seoul, Paju, Republic of Korea.

[21] Krishna, K. (1961). "A generic revision and phylogenetic study of the family Kalotermitidae(Isoptera)." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol.122, No.4, pp.303-408.

[22] Krishna, K., Grimaldi, D.A., Krishna, V., and Engel, M.S. (2013). "Treatise on the Isoptera of the world: 2 Basal families." Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol.377, No.2, pp.1-624.
10.1206/377.2

[23] Lee, S.B., Im, I.G., Kim, S.H. (2021). "A History of Termite Control and Improvements to Prevent Termites in Wooden Architectural Heritage". Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science, Vol.54, No.2, pp.194-215.

[24] Lewis, V.R., Forschler, B.T. (2014). "Management of drywood termites: Past practices, present situation and future prospects.", Urban insect pests: sustainable management strategies, pp.130-153.
10.1079/9781780642758.0130

[25] Lewis, V.R., Haverty, M.I., Sutherland, A.M. (2014). "Drywood Termites: Integrated Pest Management In and Around the Home." Pest Notes Publication 7440, pp.1-5.

[26] Ministry of Environment. (2023a, last modified 2023.5.24., accessed 2024.03.28.). "http://27.101.216.209/home/web/board/read.do;jsessionid=3LtDLwitt6CIccOYmYUlocTQ.mehome1?pagerOffset=0&maxPageItems=10&maxIndexPages=10&searchKey=&searchValue=&menuId=286&orgCd=&boardMasterId=1&boardCategoryId=&boardId=1602970&decorator=".

[27] Ministry of Environment. (2023b, last modified 2023.9.26., accessed 2024.03.28). " https://www.me.go.kr/home/web/board/read.do?menuId=10525&boardMasterId=1&boardCategoryId=39&boardId=1626430".

[28] Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. (2014). "Reference materials for preventing high-risk termite damage in Hanok construction.".

[29] Nunes, L., Cruz, H., Fragoso, M., Nobre, T. (2005). "Impact of drywood termites in the Islands of Azores". IABSE Symposium Report.
10.2749/222137805796271422

[30] Setiawan, K.H. (2017). "Nesting Biology of the Drywood Termite, Incisitermes minor (Hagen)." Biology, Environmental Science. pp.1-135.

[31] Shim, J.I., Park, H.C., Ju, H.J., Song, J.H., (2021). "First record of the termite family Kalotermitidae (Blattodea: Termitoidae) in Korea." Journal of Asia Pacific Entomology, Vol.24, No.4, pp.1266-1269.
10.1016/j.aspen.2021.08.017

[32] Su, N.Y., Lee, C.Y. (2023) "Biology and Management of the Formosan Subterranean Termite and Related Species." CAB International, ISBN-13: 9781800621589, Croydon, UK.
10.1079/9781800621596.0000

[33] Su, N.Y., Scheffrahn, R.H. (1990) "Economically important termites in the united states and their control." Sociobiol, Vol.17, pp.77-94.

[34] Takata, M., Yabe, K., Noro, T., Mizote, S., Konishi, T., Tasaki, E. and Matsuura, K. (2023). "A method for estimating colony size using queen fecundity in termites under field conditions." The Science of Nature, Vol.110, No.35.
10.1007/s00114-023-01865-6 37458826

[35] The National Folk Museum of Korea. (2008). "Museum and Pest Management". The National Folk Museum of Korea, ISBN 978-89-92128-44-5, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Journal National Heritage ISSN:3022-9200(Print) 3022-9383(Online) 저널 국가유산

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